Why ‘Race to the Top’ Has Done Nothing to Reduce Poverty and Inequality
by Mark Naison | special to NewBlackMan (in Exile)
The Obama Administration's signature education program, Race to the Top, is promoted as an ambitious effort to increase the nation's global competitiveness by insuring its young people are "college and career ready," and to produce greater equity by narrowing "the achievement gap" between poor and middle class students. Whether it achieves either of those goals is open to question, but one thing it has definitely not done is reduced child poverty, the Black/White, Black/Latino wealth gap, or the concentration of wealth and income among the top 5 percent of earners—all of which have increased during the Obama presidency.
Why is this the case. Why has this ambitious education reform effort promoted income distribution UPWARD, rather than downward.
Let's look at how the money is spent. Race to the Top requires for receipt of federal education grants, that teachers be evaluated on the basis of students’ test scores, that schools be closed when they are judged to be failing—largely on the basis of student tests scores—and that restrictions on charter schools be removed and charter schools given preference in replacing failing schools
If break down the testing component of the act, and look at what kind of jobs it generates, you will see why this legislation has been an economic engine in reverse for poor and working class communities, actually taking jobs and income out of these communities.
The tests themselves are a huge expense, largely produced by private companies by Pearson and McGraw Hill. Few if any of the people who work for these companies in the test divisions live in the Bronx, or Newark's Central Ward, or the East Side of Buffalo or North Philadelphia. Then you have to purchase software to evaluate the tests, from companies like Microsoft. And last, you need "accountability officers" in Departments of Education to evaluate the data and determine its impact on schools and individual teachers. What you have here is a huge multi-billion dollar jobs program for upper middle class Americans, often from the nation's most expensive elite colleges.
And this huge expense is not a zero sum game. In a time of Recession and Fiscal Austerity, school budgets have to be cut to pay for the testing. And that means elimination of large numbers of positions—of school aides, librarians, guidance counselors, teachers, even cleaners and custodians. Although some of the job loss affects people who live in middle class communities, a good portion affect people who live in working class neighborhoods Race to the Top is allegedly designed to help. The result—while schools in low income neighborhoods are allegedly made more competitive by these policies, the neighborhoods around them suffer a significant income loss.
Charter school preference has a similar result. In every city where charter schools have replaced public schools, veteran unionized teachers have been replaced by young, non-union teachers straight out of college, some of them from Teach For America. This also produces an income drain, as teachers who come from a similar background as their students, are replaced by young sojourners who rarely if eve become long term residents of the neighborhoods they live in.
The Obama Administration continues to promote Race to the Top as a great egalitarian initiative, even proclaiming "Teacher Appreciation Week" to be "National Charter School Week," but when you look at income streams RTTT creates, directly and indirectly, you are forced to conclude that it results in jobs and income LEAVING poor and working class communities rather than coming into it.
Bluntly put, in strictly economic terms, Race to the Top represents a huge subsidy for test and software companies while serving as a jobs program for the upper middle class
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Mark Naison is a Professor of African-American Studies and History at Fordham University and Director of Fordham’s Urban Studies Program. He is the author of two books, Communists in Harlem During the Depression and White Boy: A Memoir. Naison is also co-director of the Bronx African American History Project (BAAHP). Research from the BAAHP will be published in a forthcoming collection of oral histories Before the Fires: An Oral History of African American Life From the 1930’s to the 1960’s.
Title: Why ‘Race to the Top’ Has Done Nothing to Reduce Poverty and Inequality by Mark Naison
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Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
2:44 PM
